KEY TAKEAWAYS
- The study aimed to investigate the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of CIP in patients with resectable NSCLC undergoing neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy.
- Researchers noticed that identifying risk factors like BMI, FIB levels, and post-neoadjuvant pulmonary function can optimize CIP management in patients with NSCLC.
The incidence of checkpoint inhibitor-associated pneumonitis (CIP) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been substantiated through large-scale clinical trials or real-world studies. However, reports on CIP incidence within the context of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for resectable NSCLC remain scarce.
Zhirong Mao and the team aimed to investigate the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of CIP in patients with resectable NSCLC receiving neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy.
They performed an inclusive analysis by conducting a retrospective, case-control study on patients diagnosed with NSCLC stages IIA-IIIB who received neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy between January 2018 and September 2022. Patients were stratified into two groups based on the presence or absence of CIP, facilitating a comparative analysis of clinical characteristics, treatment modalities, physiological indicators, and prognostic outcomes.
About 245 patients, with 11.4% (28/245) experienced CIP. The median period of CIP onset was 70 (range, 40-221) days. The incidence of severe CIP (grade 3-4) was 3.7% (9/245). Patients with CIP showed a higher all-cause mortality rate of 21.4% (6/28) compared to that of patients without CIP. Those who developed CIP exhibited elevated body mass index (BMI) values (P = 0.028) and increased fibrinogen (FIB) levels (P < 0.001), alongside a significant decrease in both diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO)% pred (P = 0.001) and DLCO/VA% pred (P = 0.021) after neoadjuvant therapy compared to pre-indicators.
Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve of three assessed variables (FIB levels, BMI, DLCO) reached 0.806 in predicting CIP occurrence at an early stage.
The study concluded that elevated BMI, increased FIB levels, and decreased pulmonary diffusion function post-neoadjuvant therapy are significant risk factors for CIP occurrence. Early assessment and continuous monitoring of these indicators are imperative for predictive identification, and enhancing patient management and outcomes.
This study was sponsored by the General Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Key Science Project of Zhejiang Province.
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38783253/
Mao Z, Pang G, Huang X, et al. (2024). “Risk factors of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy for resectable NSCLC.” BMC Pulm Med. 2024 May 23;24(1):253. doi: 10.1186/s12890-024-03041-6. PMID: 38783253; PMCID: PMC11112843.
