KEY TAKEAWAYS
- The study aimed to examine immune reconstitution dynamics post-transplantation and strategies to prevent leukemia relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
- The study found immune reconstitution post-transplantation crucial for relapse prevention, prognosis prediction, and guiding therapeutic strategies.
Leukemia recurrence post-stem cell transplantation poses a substantial challenge to achieving sustained remission. Prompt and well-regulated immune reconstitution post-transplantation is essential in averting leukemia relapse.
Xu-Ying Pei and the team aimed to examine immune reconstitution dynamics and strategies for reducing leukemia relapse post-allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Following a thorough review of PubMed and Web of Science until October 2023, the study analyzed immune reconstitution dynamics and its impact on leukemia relapse post-allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Additionally, strategies to enhance immune reconstitution and mitigate disease recurrence are examined.
The study suggested that immune reconstitution post-transplantation holds significant promise in preventing relapse and potentially forecasting disease recurrence and prognosis. Utilizing high-dimensional cytometry, multi-omics, and T-cell repertoire analysis enables a more comprehensive understanding of post-transplantation immune system dynamics, aiding in identifying rare immune cell subsets or potential biomarkers linked to successful immune reconstitution or elevated risk of complications.
Strategies that bolster the immune system, such as adoptive immunotherapy and cytokine-based therapy, show considerable potential in reducing leukemia relapse following transplantation.
Future research avenues should concentrate on refining patient selection criteria for these therapies, ensuring timely and appropriate treatment administration, exploring combination approaches to optimize therapeutic outcomes, and attaining a robust graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect while minimizing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) for optimal results.
Funding was provided by the National Key Research and Development Program of China, and sponsored by the Being Nova Program, Peking University Medicine Fund.
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38599237/
Pei XY and Huang XJ. (2024) “The role of immune reconstitution in relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.” Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2024 May;20(5):513-524. doi: 10.1080/1744666X.2023.2299728. Epub 2024 Jan 10. PMID: 38599237.
